Electrical Characterization

You made a device. Now you need to figure out what it actually does. Electrical characterization is about applying electrical signals to a device and measuring its response. These measurements help us understand how the device behaves, extract useful parameters, and check how changes in the fabrication process affect the final result. A device that looks good under a microscope doesn't necessarily work well electrically. Electrical measurements let us look at things we can't see - how current flows through the device, how it responds to different bias conditions, or where its limits are. There are many ways to electrically characterize a semiconductor device. This section covers the measurement techniques useful for devices fabricated with HackerFab, starting with I-V and C-V characterization.